IPA

From UniLang Wiki

IPA stands for the International Phonetic Alphabet.

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Contents 1 Consonants (pulmonic) 2 Vowels 3 Consonants (non-pulmonic) 3.1 Clicks 3.2 Voiced implosives 3.3 Ejectives 4 Other symbols 5 More

Consonants (pulmonic)

Bilabial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Postalveolar

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Glottal

Plosive

p

b

t

d

ʈ

ɖ

c

ɟ

k

g

q

ɢ

ʔ

Nasal

m

ɱ

n

ɳ

ɲ

ŋ

ɴ

Trill

ʙ

r

ʀ

Tap or Flap

ɾ

ɽ

Fricative

ɸ

β

f

v

θ

ð

s

z

ʃ

ʒ

ʂ

ʐ

ç

ʝ

x

ɣ

χ

ʁ

ħ

ʕ

h

ɦ

Affricate

ʦ

ʣ

ʧ

ʤ

ʨ

ʥ

Lateral fricative

ɬ

ɮ

Approximant

ʋ

ɹ

ɻ

j

ɰ

Lateral approximant

l

ɭ

ʎ

ʟ

• Note 1: Symbols in the left are voiceless; symbols in the right are voiced.
  
• Note 2: Shaded areas represent articulations judged impossible.

Vowels

	Front				Central				Back
Close	i	y			ɨ	ʉ			ɯ	u
			ɪ	ʏ			ʊ
Close-mid	e	ø			ɘ	ɵ			ɤ	o
					ə
Open-mid	ɛ	œ			ɜ	ɞ			ʌ	ɔ
	æ				ɐ
Open	a	ɶ							ɑ	ɒ

• Note: When two signs appear in pairs, the right one represents a rounded vowel.

Consonants (non-pulmonic)

Clicks

• ʘ - Bilabial
• ǀ - Dental
• ǃ - (Post)alveolar
• ǂ - Palatoalveolar
• ǁ - Lateral

Voiced implosives

• ɓ - Bilabial
• ɗ - Dental/alveolar
• ʄ - Palatal
• ɠ - Velar
• ʛ - Uvular

Ejectives

Indicated with ʼ after the letter, as in

• pʼ - Bilabial
• tʼ - Dental/alveolar
• kʼ - Velar
• sʼ - Alveolar fricative

Other symbols

• ʍ - Voiceless labial-velar fricative
• w - Voiced labial-velar approximant
• ɥ - Voiced labial-palatal approximant
• ʜ - Voiceless epiglottal fricative
• ʢ - Voiced epiglottal fricative
• ʡ - Epiglottal plosive
• ɕ ʑ - Alveolo-palatal fricatives, voiceless e voiced respectively
• ɺ - Alveolar lateral flap
• ɧ - Simultaneous ʃ and x
• ʰ A superscript h marks aspiration

More

• Also drop by the SAMPA page for a way of representing the IPA signs using only ASCII characters.
  • SAMPA
• The official IPA site.
  • http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipa.html
• An excellent website with clickable sound charts in MP3 format.
  • http://www.ling.hf.ntnu.no/ipa/full/
• Another excellent website with clickable sound charts, but in AIFF format.
  • http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter1/chapter1.html

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